E mālama i ka ikehu uilaʻO ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu supercapacitor a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu superconducting. Hoʻopaʻa ka mea mua i ka ikehu uila i loko o ke kahua uila, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope e mālama i ka ikehu uila i loko o kahi māla magnetic. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu uila i ka nui o ka mana a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka pau ʻana o ka mana hikiwawe, hoʻopau i ka -oscillations mana alapine haʻahaʻa i ka pā, a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona uila a me ka alapine.
Supercapacitor mālama ikehu
ʻO nā supercapacitors, i ʻike ʻia he capacitors electrochemical, he mau mea mālama ikehu e mālama i ka ikehu ma o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka uku ma ka ʻili electrode. ʻOkoʻa ko lākou ʻenehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu mai nā pākahi kuʻuna; mālama lākou i ka ikehu ma o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana e ka papa ʻelua ma ke kikowaena electrode-electrolyte. Loaʻa i nā supercapacitors ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa, ultra -lōʻihi pōʻai ola, a me ka hoʻouka wikiwiki- hiki ke hoʻokuʻu, no laila e ʻike nui ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila, nā ʻōnaehana braking regenerative, nā lako mana hoʻihoʻi, a me ka hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻana. Eia naʻe, haʻahaʻa loa ka mānoanoa ikehu o nā supercapacitors, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ko nā pākahi lithium-ion, no laila kūpono lākou i nā noi e koi ana i nā noi mana pōkole -kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka holomua o ka ʻepekema waiwai, manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu o nā supercapacitors e hoʻonui hou aku, a laila e hoʻonui i kā lākou noi i ka mākeke mālama ikehu.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ʻekolu waeʻano: nā capacitors papalua -electric, nā capacitors Faraday, a me nā supercapacitors hybrid. Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa papalua uwila i nā mea kalapona ma ke ʻano he electrodes, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka uku ma ka paʻa -wai paʻa i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka electrolyte, e hana ana i ka ʻōnaehana papalua{4}}uila. Loaʻa kēia mau capacitors i ka adsorption charge kino a me nā kaʻina desorption i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. ʻOiai ua loaʻa i nā capacitors papalua -electric mana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ola lōʻihi, ʻano haʻahaʻa ko lākou ikehu. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokō kēia mau mea hana i ka noi ʻoihana.
Hoʻohana ʻo Faraday capacitors i nā mea metala a i ʻole conductive polymers e like me nā mea electrode, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka capacitance adsorption ma o nā hopena redox ma ka ʻili a me nā wahi pāpaʻu o kēia mau mea. ʻO ke kumu hana o kēia ʻano capacitor e like me ke kaʻina hana i loko o kahi pākaukau; hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻili electrode like, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā manawa he nui i ka mana o ka capacitor papalua{1}} uila. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona mana no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana kiʻekiʻe hikiwawe a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni, ʻaʻole hana like nā capacitors Faraday me nā capacitors papalua -uila. Eia kekahi, ke kū nei nā capacitors Faraday i nā pilikia e like me ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole i piha ka ʻenehana.
Kaulana ʻo Hybrid supercapacitors no ko lākou kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu a me ke ola lōʻihi. ʻOiai i kēia manawa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, loaʻa iā lākou ka mana hoʻomohala nui e hiki mai ana.
Superconducting mālama ikehu
ʻO ka Superconducting Energy Storage kahi ʻenehana mālama ikehu electromagnetic e hoʻohana ana i nā superconductors no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu uila ma kahi kūlana kūʻokoʻa-. ʻO kāna kumu hana e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi māla magnetic ikaika ma o ke au pololei i loko o kahi coil superconducting, no laila e mālama ai i ka ikehu, a hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kēia manawa inā pono. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe kūpaʻa o nā superconductors i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu superconducting ke hoʻokō i ka uku kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana me ka aneane ʻole o ka nalowale o ka ikehu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu superconducting, loaʻa ka uku a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā milliseconds, kūpono ia no ka hoʻoponopono uila koke a me ka mana alapine i nā ʻōnaehana mana. Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu superconducting, i kaupalena ʻia e ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea superconducting a me ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe cryogenic. No laila, ho'opa'a 'ia nā noi o kēia manawa ma nā kahua kūikawā e koi ana i ka mana ki'eki'e, -manawa pōkole, e like me ka pa'a pa'a a me nā lako kaua.
Loaʻa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau i nā superconductors haʻahaʻa e like me Nb-Ti a me Nb3Sn, a me nā superconductors kiʻekiʻe e like me Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) a me Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO). ʻO nā superconductors kiʻekiʻe he ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā superconductors haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hōʻemi ana i nā koi hoʻoluʻu a hoʻolilo i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu superconducting i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka waiwai.