Me ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu ikehu hou, a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā koi no ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hilinaʻi o ka uila, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōnaehana mana, mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ke hele nei nā loli nui. Ua haki nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu i ka huelo o ka -kaulike mana maoli ma nā ʻōnaehana mana kuʻuna, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻōnaehana mana. ʻO kēia, ma ka huli ʻana, ke alakaʻi pololei nei i ka hoʻololi mālie ʻana o ka hoʻolālā mana, ka mea i hoʻomalu mua ʻia e nā wahie mōʻalihaku, i hoʻokahi i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kumu ikehu hou, a ke hoʻomau mau nei kēia kaʻina hana.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe oʻenehana mālama ikehu, nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu pila (BESS) loaʻa nā ʻano mana like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana hoʻohui. Hāʻawi kēia i ka BESS e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ʻōnaehana mana a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma nā ʻano like ʻole, no laila e huki ai i ka manaʻo ākea. Eia kekahi, pili pono ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻohui BESS i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o BESS a ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no kāna noi -nui a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana.
Nānā o ka mākeke mālama ikehu
Wahi a nā helu helu piha ʻole mai ka Global Energy Storage Project Database o ka Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), mai ka hopena o 2019, hiki i ka 184.6 makahiki ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o nā papahana mālama ikehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa (me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai pumped, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu flywheel, a me nā ʻano hana mālama ikehu ʻē aʻe) i hiki i 184.6 makahiki {2} makahiki. 1.9%. ʻO kēia, ua loaʻa i ka waihona wai paila ka nui loa o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka 171.0 GW, i hoʻokahi makahiki-ma-makahiki piʻi he 0.2%; ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau i ukali pū ʻia me ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia he 9520.5 MW; ma waena o nā ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu ʻokoʻa, ua loaʻa i nā pākahi lithium{11}}ion ka nui loa o ka mana hoʻokomo ʻia ma 8454.2 MW, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā papahana mālama ikehu honua (ma MW)
Ma ka hopena o 2019, hiki i ka 32.4 GW ka nui o Kina i hoʻokomo ʻia o nā papahana mālama ikehu, he 17.6% o ka mākeke honua, hoʻokahi makahiki -ma-makahiki piʻi o 3.6%. ʻO kēia, ua loaʻa i ka waihona wai pumped hydro ka nui loa o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma 30.3 GW, hoʻokahi makahiki-ma-makahiki hoʻonui o 1.0%; Aia ka lua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau me ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia he 1709.6 MW, hoʻokahi makahiki-ma-makahiki piʻi he 59.4%. Ma waena o nā ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu ʻokoʻa, ua loaʻa i nā pākahi lithium{16}}ion ka nui loa o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia ma 1377.9 MW, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā papahana mālama ikehu ma Kina (Unit: MW)
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kino, i hōʻike ʻia e ka mālama ʻana i ka wai wai, e hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu honua, e helu ana no 92.6%, kiʻekiʻe kā lākou kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka mua, a he wahi liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e hiki mai ana, a he mau koi kiʻekiʻe lākou no ka wahi ʻāina. Ua ulu wikiwiki ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau, ma ke ʻano he ʻano nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu uila i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Loaʻa i ka BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) nā pono ʻenehana e like me ka noi maʻalahi, nā poho hoʻololi haʻahaʻa, ka wikiwiki pane wikiwiki, ka pololei o ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia e nā kūlana ʻāina, e kūpono ai no ka hana nui a me nā noi -nui, multi{4}} ʻO ka mea nui aku, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻemi hou ʻia e 50% a 60%. No laila, e like me ka International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), e piʻi wikiwiki ka nui o ka BESS honua i 175 GW e 2030. Wahi a ka wānana a CNESA, ma waena o 2020 a me 2024, e hoʻonui mau ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ʻo Kina, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki 55% a 65%, e piʻi ana ma luna o 205%, e piʻi ana ma luna o 2025%, e piʻi ana ma luna o 2020 GW.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kūlike ka māhele ʻāina o nā papahana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻOiai ua kauoha ʻia nā papahana hoʻolaʻa ikehu pākaukau hou ma 49 mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ka makahiki 2019, ʻo nā ʻāina he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe, i hōʻike ʻia e Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom, Kelemānia, a me Australia, he 91.6% o ka nui o ka mana honua i hoʻohui ʻia i ka makahiki 2019. ʻO 2018 i kahi mua ma 2019. ʻO South Korea, kahi i koho ʻia i ke kolu ma 2017 a ʻo ka mua ma 2018, ua ʻike i kahi stagnation i nā papahana hoʻopaʻa uila uila hou ma 2019 ma muli o nā hanana palekana.
I ka makahiki 2019, ʻo nā panalāʻau he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe (nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, nā kaona) ma Kina me ka nui o nā papahana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu pākahi hou i hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hunan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Beijing, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang, a me Henan. ʻO ka mana hou i hui pū ʻia ma kēia mau panalāʻau he ʻumi (nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, nā municipal) i helu ʻia no 88.9% o ka nui o ka mana hou o Kina i ka makahiki 2019.
Mahalo i ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana mālama ikehu a me ka mākeke uila -kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua lilo ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu wikiwiki loa i ka US, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano āpau o ka ʻōnaehana mana, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka hoʻoili ʻana, ka hāʻawi ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hana ana i kahi palapala ala ʻenehana a me ka hoʻohālike ʻoihana kūpono.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo 2019 i ka makahiki breakout no ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu US, me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākaukau a hiki i 1600 MW i kēlā makahiki. Wahi a ka ʻikepili hou loa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka "2019 Energy Storage Monitoring Yearbook" e ka Energy Storage Association (ESA), ʻo ka huina o ka mana hou o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma US i ka makahiki 2019 a hiki i 522.7 MW/1113 MWh, me ka hapahā ʻehā wale nō ka helu no 186.4 MW/264.2 MWh. Ua wānana ʻo McKinsey & Company e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu o US i ʻekolu manawa ma mua o 2019 ma 2020, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pālua ma 2021, a hiki i 7.3 GW e 2025; ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka mākeke mālama ikehu US ma 2019 he $ 712 miliona, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei e lele i $ 2 biliona ma 2020.
Ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻōnaehana mana a me nā koi uila ma ka home a me ka honua, ʻokoʻa nā wahi noi nui o ka ʻenehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. I ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu pākaukau lithium -ion ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka noi maʻamau ma ka ʻaoʻao grid, e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka alapine, kahi ʻohi kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lawelawe ancillary, helu ʻia no 52.7%, a ukali ʻia e ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ikehu hou ma 28.9%, a me nā noi māhele a microgrid ma ka ʻaoʻao mea hoʻohana ma 18.4%. Ma Kina, ʻo ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ikehu hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka noi maʻamau, helu ʻia no 37.7%, a ukali ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao -ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohana-ma 25% a me 25.3%, kēlā me kēia.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana i ka makahiki 2019 i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 126% ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke mālama ikehu honua ma 2018, e hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i ka ulu ikaika ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāina nui i kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu a hoʻonui i kā lākou koi no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mana. Ua lilo ia i ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no nā ʻāina e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pahuhopu hoʻolālā ikehu. No laila, ʻo Iune 2020, ʻo ka huina kumulative i hoʻokomo ʻia o nā papahana mālama mana i ka hana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ua hiki i 185.3 GW, me ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o Kina a hiki i 32.7 GW. ʻO kēia, ua hiki i ka 10,112.3 MW ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka ikehu pākaukau, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hōʻailona 10 GW, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka makahiki -ma-makahiki he 36.1%, aʻo ka nui o Kina i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka 1,831.0 MW, hoʻokahi makahiki -} mahuahua o 9%.